White Christians

[Susan Peabody]

"White Too Long: The Legacy of White Supremacy in American Christianity,"

Robert P. Jones

Growing up in the South, Robert P. Jones attended Southern Baptist churches, Sunday schools, even a Southern Baptist college.
But it was only in seminary, in his mid-20s, that Jones says he learned the full truth about Southern Baptists' white supremacist roots. The denomination was founded to defend slavery and did not formally rebuke its past until 1995, when Southern Baptists voted to apologize for their history of racism.

Jones was a social scientist before he realized how stubbornly racist ideas can persist in white churches.
"White Christian churches have not just been complacent; they have not only been complicit," he writes in his book, "White Too Long: The Legacy of White Supremacy in American Christianity," publishing next month.

"Rather, as the dominant cultural power in America, they have been responsible for constructing and sustaining a project to protect white supremacy and resist black equality," he writes. "This project has framed the entire American story."

In his book Jones, CEO and founder of Public Religion Research Institute, blends church history, memoir and contemporary public opinion surveys. Together, they make a clear and compelling case for why white American Christians need to reckon with their past.

But American Christianity's past is only part of the problem. In survey after survey, said Jones, contemporary white Christians repeatedly deny that structural racism is a problem, that shootings of unarmed blacks are not isolated incidents, or even that African Americans still face racism and discrimination.

White non-Christians, on the other hand, more often agree with blacks about racial discrimination, according to public opinion surveys.

So what gives? Why would white Christians be more reluctant to see racism than their non-Christian counterparts?
n that animates "White Too Long," the answer will be challenging, if not deeply unsettling for many white Christians.
CNN spoke to Jones recently about why so many white Christians turn a blind eye to racism, how white supremacy took hold of American culture and what Christians can do now to make amends.

What prompted you to write this book? Whenever we asked questions about race or African Americans there was a huge gap between whites who are Christian and those who are not. Whites who are not Christian were always closer to the attitudes of African Americans.

Seeing that pattern over and over made me realize that something deeper is going on. And coupled with my own experience of growing up in the South and this current moment, I realized that these issues are not being dealt with well. Most white Christians try to ignore them.

To that point, it seems like more white evangelicals than we've seen in the past are speaking out against the recent killings of black Americans by the police and vigilantes. Joel Osteen, who is often studiously apolitical, marched in a Black Lives Matter protest. Some evangelicals are even mentioning systemic racism, which they've been slow to acknowledge in the past. What do you make of their responses?

One measure of authenticity for white Christians is whether they link reconciliation with justice and repair. It's easy for a white Christian leader to jump in a march and put his arm around an African-American pastor. But will we see Joel Osteen preach a sermon calling for white Christians to reflect on the ugly parts of our history? Are pastors going to help white Christians free their faith from privileged claims of whiteness?

One of the challenges, historically, has been that the Christian theology developed in white churches intentionally blinds white Christians to racial injustice. White Christians are nearly twice as likely as non-religious Americans to say police shootings of unarmed black men are isolated incidents. That is a moral and theological problem.
But what about now, this moment?

I see the last four years as a moment of reckoning for white Christians. The election of President Trump, who has put white supremacy front and center, has brought these issues from just barely below the surface into plain view. Charlottesville changed things. Charleston changed things. Dylan Roof was a confirmed Lutheran, who, in his journal while imprisoned has been drawing crosses and white Jesus and is completely unrepentant.

White Christians have inherited a worldview that has Christians on top of other religions, men over women, whites over blacks. There is a top-down authoritarian structure to it.

What, if anything, can change that? In the book, I write about two Baptist churches in Macon, Georgia, one white and one black, who have built trust and a partnership in a way that allowed white Christians to be challenged about their assumptions. White Christians don't have the critical distance to do that for themselves. They have to put themselves in community with African American Christians. And frankly, even with that, it's going to be a long journey.